Interactive Science Simulations

**Hybridization & Bonding** theory explains the geometric arrangement of organic molecules. This resource visualizes **sp³**, **sp²**, and **sp** hybrid orbitals and the formation of **σ (sigma)** and **π (pi)** bonds.

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**Hydrocarbons** are organic compounds composed entirely of carbon and hydrogen atoms. This resource classifies them into **Alkanes**, **Alkenes**, **Alkynes**, and **Aromatics** with interactive 2D/3D visualizations.

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**Isomerism** is the phenomenon where molecules with identical molecular formulas possess different anatomical structures. This resource visualizes **Structural Isomers** (skeleton, positional, functional) and **Stereoisomers** (geometric and optical).

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**Molecular Coplanarity & Collinearity** are spatial properties determined by atomic hybridization. This resource visualizes how **sp³**, **sp²**, and **sp** orbitals dictate the alignment of atoms in planes and lines.

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**Cubic Close Packing (CCP)** is a high-efficiency crystal structure where atoms are arranged in an **A-B-C** stacking sequence. This resource visualizes the **Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)** unit cell and its 74.05% packing efficiency.

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**Hexagonal Close Packing (HCP)** is a high-efficiency crystal structure with an **A-B-A-B** stacking sequence. This resource explores the **Hexagonal Unit Cell** and its 74.05% packing density.

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A **Tetrahedral Void** is the interstitial space surrounded by four atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement. This resource locates the eight tetrahedral voids within a **Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)** unit cell.

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The **Periodic Table & Trends** resource visualizes how fundamental element properties like **Atomic Radius**, **Ionization Energy**, and **Electronegativity** change systematically across the periodic table.

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**Atomic Models** represent the scientific evolution of our understanding of matter. This resource traces the historical progression from Dalton's solid spheres to the modern quantum mechanical probability clouds.

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