Hardy-Weinberg Frequency Visualizer
Adjust allele frequencies to visualize how genotype frequencies stabilize according to the Hardy-Weinberg equation.
About this simulation
- What
- An interactive Biology simulation of Hardy-Weinberg Frequency Visualizer.
- Who
- Designed for AP, IB, and A‑Level Biology students.
- How
- Runs in any modern browser — drag, adjust, and explore in real time.
Updated 2025-10-02
Key Concepts
Allele Frequencies (p, q)
The relative abundance of an allele in a population. p represents the dominant allele frequency, while q represents the recessive. Always p + q = 1.
Genotype Frequencies (p², 2pq, q²)
p² is homozygous dominant, 2pq is heterozygous, and q² is homozygous recessive. The sum is always 1.
Genetic Equilibrium
In an ideal population with random mating and no evolutionary forces, allele and genotype frequencies stay constant generation to generation.
The Hardy-Weinberg Principle
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a fundamental principle in population genetics. It states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences.
For a gene with two alleles, A and a, the formula is: p² + 2pq + q² = 1.
This visualizer allows you to change the initial allele frequencies and observe the resulting stable genotype distribution predicted by the equations.